Press Freedom Threats in Northern Ireland: Urgent Response Needed

Second of our reports points to failings in the UK

June 2025

A Threat to press freedom in Northern Ireland

Since 2019, Amnesty has documented over 70 death threats, bomb threats, and violent attacks against journalists. Most threats came from armed paramilitary gangs.  Not one has been prosecuted to date. Some reporters now live behind bullet-proof windows, reinforced doors and CCTV. Many people assume Northern Ireland’s conflict is over.  Yet some journalists are receiving more threats of serious violence from paramilitaries than ever before.

Amnesty calls for two urgent steps: a Media Safety Group – to coordinate an effective response to threats against journalists and A Home Protection Scheme – so journalists at risk can secure their homes without paying the price for doing their jobs.

Right to protest 

The EHRC was set up to “encourage good practice in relation to human rights” and “promote… protection of human rights” but it appears to be seeking to ban protests outside its offices.

“Article 11 protects your right to protest by holding meetings and demonstrations with other people”, says its website but the landlord of the Vauxhall office of the Equality and Human Rights Commission is seeking an injunction against protests outside its offices for the entire period for which the EHRC has a licence to occupy, that is until 31 January 2026.  

It would prohibit anyone (without the consent of the EHRC’s landlords) “entering, occupying or remaining upon all or any part of the commercial premises known as Tintagel House”, including on the forecourt outside its offices.  Protest may be possible on the public pavement or road outside its office – although with a risk of criminal conviction – but anyone entering the forecourt would risk imprisonment.  The application was sparked by an entirely peaceful encampment by Trans Kids Deserve Better outside Tintagel House on 30 May 2025.  Good Law Project considers this unlawful and is intervening to resist the injunction application.

Vagrancy Act Scrapped

The “cruel and outdated” Vagrancy Act is finally set to be scrapped in 2026 after making rough sleeping a

criminal offence for more than 200 years, the Labour government has announced. The 1824 law has criminalised rough sleeping and begging in England and Wales since the days of the Napoleonic Wars.  

Frontline homelessness charities have campaigned for years for the Vagrancy Act to be axed, warning that punishments, including fines, drive rough sleepers away from support.  Labour has promised it will finally be removed from law next spring and replaced with increased financial support for people experiencing homelessness and new legislation targeting “real crimes” such as organised begging by gangs.

British support for foreign security and intelligence services  

NGOs and senior MPs  have expressed concern in a joint letter to David Lammy that the Labour government’s ‘light touch’ review of policies regulating British support for foreign security and intelligence services will not remove ministers’ ability to approve UK cooperation in situations where there is a real risk of torture or the death penalty.  The policies were blamed for facilitating injustices in cases such as those of Jagtar Singh Johal and Ali Kololo.  Johal, a British human rights activist, was allegedly tortured in India, where he remains in jail, after a tip-off from UK intelligence services.  Kololo was wrongly convicted and sentenced to death over an attack on British tourists after the Met police provided assistance to Kenyan authorities.

The Mental Health Bill

This has now had its second reading in the Commons and aims to modernise the treatment of mental health. Among other things it will allow greater choice of treatment to patients, will reduce the use of detention especially in the case of autistic patients or those with learning difficulties and will address the disproportionate outcomes for black patients and those from minority groups.

UK’s legal obligations in Israel/Gaza conflict

The UK must impose sanctions on the Israeli government and its ministers and also consider suspending it from the UN to meet its “fundamental international legal obligations”, more than 800 lawyers, academics and retired senior judges, including former Supreme Court justices, have said.

In a letter to the prime minister, they welcome Keir Starmer’s joint statement last week with the leaders of France and Canada warning that they were prepared to take ‘concrete actions’ against Israel.  But they urge him to act without delay as “urgent and decisive action is required to avert the destruction of the Palestinian people of Gaza”.  The signatories, including the former Supreme Court justices Lords Sumption and Wilson, court of appeal judges and more than 70 KCs, say that war crimes, crimes against humanity and serious violations of international humanitarian law are being committed in Palestine.

More than 300 Foreign Office staff have been told to consider resigning if they cannot support the government’s policy on Israel, after they repeatedly expressed concern that the UK could be viewed as complicit in war crimes.

The UK government has now sanctioned Israeli government ministers Itamar Ben-Gvir and Benzalel Smotrich in response to their repeated incitements to violence against Palestinian communities and, in partner with Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Norway, calls for immediate action against extremist settlers.