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#ornithology

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Public
ibisjournal

Differences in mortality patterns of White-tailed Eagle and Osprey in the eastern region of the Baltic Sea | link.springer.com/ar... | Journal of Ornithology | #ornithology 🪶
link.springer.com/article/10.1

SpringerLinkDifferences in mortality patterns of White-tailed Eagle and Osprey in the eastern region of the Baltic Sea - Journal of OrnithologyPopulations of raptors in Europe recovered at the end of twentieth century from heavy decline due to contaminants and persecution in the past, however, some species or populations in certain regions continue to face pressure from human induced mortality today. Causes of mortality may vary between raptor species, sexes, age groups, and seasonally throughout the year. Therefore, it is important to understand reasons and patterns for mortality in a particular region because knowledge derived from elsewhere may not be applicable for the target populations. We studied mortality patterns in White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla; n = 94) and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus; n = 45) in the eastern region of the Baltic Sea, Lithuania. Most deaths were human related for both species with the majority caused by electrocution, but even more frequent for Osprey than White-tailed Eagle. For both species, the pattern of mortality differed between young and adult birds, but in opposite ways. However, there was no evidence of differences between sexes or seasons. White-tailed Eagles death recoveries were spatially aggregated with several notable hotspots, but deaths of Ospreys were randomly distributed throughout the region. Despite association of both raptors with aquatic habitats, most likely, species-specific mortality patterns emerged because of behavioural and life history differences. Our results suggest that conservation efforts should be focused on understanding and dealing with the main threats for the species, but also could benefit from prioritisation of efforts in most problematic areas for raptor species if the clustered mortality pattern is evident.
Public
ibisjournal

Differences in mortality patterns of White-tailed Eagle and Osprey in the eastern region of the Baltic Sea | link.springer.com/ar... | Journal of Ornithology | #ornithology 🪶
link.springer.com/article/10.1

SpringerLinkDifferences in mortality patterns of White-tailed Eagle and Osprey in the eastern region of the Baltic Sea - Journal of OrnithologyPopulations of raptors in Europe recovered at the end of twentieth century from heavy decline due to contaminants and persecution in the past, however, some species or populations in certain regions continue to face pressure from human induced mortality today. Causes of mortality may vary between raptor species, sexes, age groups, and seasonally throughout the year. Therefore, it is important to understand reasons and patterns for mortality in a particular region because knowledge derived from elsewhere may not be applicable for the target populations. We studied mortality patterns in White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla; n = 94) and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus; n = 45) in the eastern region of the Baltic Sea, Lithuania. Most deaths were human related for both species with the majority caused by electrocution, but even more frequent for Osprey than White-tailed Eagle. For both species, the pattern of mortality differed between young and adult birds, but in opposite ways. However, there was no evidence of differences between sexes or seasons. White-tailed Eagles death recoveries were spatially aggregated with several notable hotspots, but deaths of Ospreys were randomly distributed throughout the region. Despite association of both raptors with aquatic habitats, most likely, species-specific mortality patterns emerged because of behavioural and life history differences. Our results suggest that conservation efforts should be focused on understanding and dealing with the main threats for the species, but also could benefit from prioritisation of efforts in most problematic areas for raptor species if the clustered mortality pattern is evident.
Public
ibisjournal

Constitutively active glucagon receptor drives high blood glucose in birds | www.nature.com/artic... | Nature | #ornithology 🪶
nature.com/articles/s41586-025

NatureConstitutively active glucagon receptor drives high blood glucose in birds - NatureAs the body’s primary source of energy, the maintenance of blood glucose is indispensable for overall health and metabolic homeostasis. It is predominantly regulated by the glucagon receptor family which is highly conserved in vertebrates1–4. Compared to other vertebrates, avian blood glucose levels are relatively high5,6, yet its regulatory mechanisms have remained obscure for more than a century. We show that high hepatic expression of the avian glucagon receptor (GCGR) in association with constitutively active Gs signaling was dependent upon the interaction of different domains. In vivo experiments focusing on the regulation of constitutively active GCGR expression in hepatic cells led to correspondingly high blood glucose, rapid hepatic lipid utilization and high metabolic rates via downstream signaling pathway activation in fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Furthermore, we identified a point mutation in chicken at the proximal gene region that resulted in GCGR mRNA reduction and weight increase. Overexpressing a natural human GCGR mutation (hsGCGRH339R) with modest constitutive activity in mice, demonstrated that high level expression of this variant augmented high blood glucose, while reducing body weight. The combination of high expression and constitutive activity of the glucagon receptor may have contributed to the evolution of flight in the ancestors of birds.
Public
ibisjournal

Constitutively active glucagon receptor drives high blood glucose in birds | www.nature.com/artic... | Nature | #ornithology 🪶
nature.com/articles/s41586-025

NatureConstitutively active glucagon receptor drives high blood glucose in birds - NatureAs the body’s primary source of energy, the maintenance of blood glucose is indispensable for overall health and metabolic homeostasis. It is predominantly regulated by the glucagon receptor family which is highly conserved in vertebrates1–4. Compared to other vertebrates, avian blood glucose levels are relatively high5,6, yet its regulatory mechanisms have remained obscure for more than a century. We show that high hepatic expression of the avian glucagon receptor (GCGR) in association with constitutively active Gs signaling was dependent upon the interaction of different domains. In vivo experiments focusing on the regulation of constitutively active GCGR expression in hepatic cells led to correspondingly high blood glucose, rapid hepatic lipid utilization and high metabolic rates via downstream signaling pathway activation in fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Furthermore, we identified a point mutation in chicken at the proximal gene region that resulted in GCGR mRNA reduction and weight increase. Overexpressing a natural human GCGR mutation (hsGCGRH339R) with modest constitutive activity in mice, demonstrated that high level expression of this variant augmented high blood glucose, while reducing body weight. The combination of high expression and constitutive activity of the glucagon receptor may have contributed to the evolution of flight in the ancestors of birds.
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