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#irishhistory

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Tom Barry was born on 1 July 1897 Killorglin, County Kerry. He was a prominent guerrilla leader in the IRA during the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War. He is remembered for the Kilmichael ambush, in which he and his column wiped out a 18-man patrol, killing 16. He continued to be part of the IRA after the civil war and served as its commander-in-chief in 1937, during which he opened contacts with Nazi Germany.

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In the telegram from Collins to Churchill he wrote:

"We are hampered by the continued lack of material. We were promised two hundred rounds of high explosive at two AM this morning but they were not available. This ammunition was again promised for five thirty and again not available. The promise was renewed for eight thirty with like result. 2/

28 June 1922 was the First Day of the Irish Civil War. The anti-treaty forces occupied the Four Courts. On Michael Collin's orders the bombardment of he building by Provisional Government troops started on 28 June. The building was stormed and the anti-treaty troops surrendered on 30 June. The war lasted until 24 May 1923. 1,200 to 1,400 troops and more than 425 civilians died in the war, often brutally.

Charles Stewart Parnell was born on 27 June 1846. He was a land reform agitator and founder of the Irish National Land League in 1879. He was Leader of the Home Rule League from 1880 to 1882, and then of the Irish Parliamentary Party from 1882 to 1891, who held the balance of power in the House of Commons during the Home Rule debates of 1885–1886. He fell from power following revelations of a long-term affair, and died at age 45.

On 26 June 1991 the convictions of the ‘Maguire Seven’ were quashed by the Court of Appeal in London. The seven had been convicted of supplying the bombs that were used in Guildford and Woolwich. This was the latest in a series of high profile cases of miscarriage of justice involving Irish people living in England. Patrick Maguire, one of the seven, was just 13 when he was arrested.

Ernest Walton died on 25 June 1995 in Belfast. Born in Dungarvan, Co Waterford, he was a physicist and Nobel laureate for his work with John Cockcroft with “atom-smashing” experiments done at Cambridge University in the early 1930s, and so became the first person in history to artificially split the atom.