# orderedItems[].object.content
Hammurabi (r. 1792-1750 BCE) was the sixth king of the Amorite First Dynasty of Babylon best known for his famous law code which served as the model for others, including the Mosaic Law of the Bible. He was the first ruler able to successfully govern all of Mesopotamia, without revolt, following his initial conquest.
https://www. worldhistory.org/hammurabi/ #Amorite #Babylon #Hammurabi

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Hammurabi (r. 1792-1750 BCE) was the sixth king of the Amorite First Dynasty of Babylon best known for his famous law code which served as the model for others, including the Mosaic Law of the Bible. He was the first ruler able to successfully govern all of Mesopotamia, without revolt, following his initial conquest.
https://www. worldhistory.org/hammurabi/ #Amorite #Babylon #Hammurabi

# orderedItems[].object.content
The Diet of Worms (January-May 1521) was the assembly convened by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to address, among other issues, the works of the reformer Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) who openly criticized the Church. Luther was told to recant and, when he would not, was charged with heresy, marking his official break with the Church.
https://www. worldhistory.org/Diet_of_Worms/ #DietofWorms #MartinLuther #MedievalChurch

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
The Diet of Worms (January-May 1521) was the assembly convened by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to address, among other issues, the works of the reformer Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) who openly criticized the Church. Luther was told to recant and, when he would not, was charged with heresy, marking his official break with the Church.
https://www. worldhistory.org/Diet_of_Worms/ #DietofWorms #MartinLuther #MedievalChurch

# orderedItems[].object.content
The Old Norse word saga means 'story', 'tale' or 'history' and normally refers specifically to the epic prose narratives written mainly in Iceland between the 12th- and 15th centuries CE, covering the country's history as well as Scandinavia's legendary past. A few sagas were also written in Norway but in either country their usually anonymous writers shaped their stories in high-quality, nuanc...https://www. worldhistory.org/Saga/ #Edda #NorseMythology #Saga

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
The Old Norse word saga means 'story', 'tale' or 'history' and normally refers specifically to the epic prose narratives written mainly in Iceland between the 12th- and 15th centuries CE, covering the country's history as well as Scandinavia's legendary past. A few sagas were also written in Norway but in either country their usually anonymous writers shaped their stories in high-quality, nuanc...https://www. worldhistory.org/Saga/ #Edda #NorseMythology #Saga

# orderedItems[].object.content
The Revolt of Lyon against the rule of the National Convention was a counter-revolutionary rebellion that played a role in both the Federalist Revolts and the Reign of Terror during the period of the French Revolution (1789-1799). Beginning in May 1793, the revolt ended in bloodshed five months later, when government officials subjected Lyon to a brutal punitive slaughter. https://www. worldhistory.org/Revolt_of_Lyo n/?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history #RevoltOfLyon #ReignOfTerror #FederalistRevolts

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
The Revolt of Lyon against the rule of the National Convention was a counter-revolutionary rebellion that played a role in both the Federalist Revolts and the Reign of Terror during the period of the French Revolution (1789-1799). Beginning in May 1793, the revolt ended in bloodshed five months later, when government officials subjected Lyon to a brutal punitive slaughter. https://www. worldhistory.org/Revolt_of_Lyo n/?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history #RevoltOfLyon #ReignOfTerror #FederalistRevolts

# orderedItems[].object.content
Aristophanes wrote in the 5th century BCE about coin hoards in Athens. He joked about the common saying, "No one knows but the birds where I hid my money," which led buffoons in his play to follow birds around with a shovel, hoping to excavate a treasure.
https://www. worldhistory.org/article/1873/treasure-hoards-in-ancient-literature/ #GreekLiterature #RomanLaw #RomanLiterature

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Aristophanes wrote in the 5th century BCE about coin hoards in Athens. He joked about the common saying, "No one knows but the birds where I hid my money," which led buffoons in his play to follow birds around with a shovel, hoping to excavate a treasure.
https://www. worldhistory.org/article/1873/treasure-hoards-in-ancient-literature/ #GreekLiterature #RomanLaw #RomanLiterature

# orderedItems[].object.content
Ninigi-no-Mikoto, or simply Ninigi, is the grandson of the supreme Shinto deity Amaterasu, the sun goddess. He is the son of Ama-no-Oshiho-mimi and, descending to earth as the first just ruler, he brought with him gifts from Amaterasu as symbols of his authority which remain part of the Japanese imperial regalia today. Ninigi became the great-grandfather of Japan's first emperor, the semi-legen...https://www. worldhistory.org/Ninigi/ #Amaterasu #EmperorofJapan #Ninigi

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Ninigi-no-Mikoto, or simply Ninigi, is the grandson of the supreme Shinto deity Amaterasu, the sun goddess. He is the son of Ama-no-Oshiho-mimi and, descending to earth as the first just ruler, he brought with him gifts from Amaterasu as symbols of his authority which remain part of the Japanese imperial regalia today. Ninigi became the great-grandfather of Japan's first emperor, the semi-legen...https://www. worldhistory.org/Ninigi/ #Amaterasu #EmperorofJapan #Ninigi

# orderedItems[].object.content
Confucianism is a philosophy developed in 6th-century BCE China, which is considered by some a secular-humanist belief system, by some a religion, and by others a social code. The broad range of subjects touched on by Confucianism lends itself to all three of these interpretations depending on which aspects one focuses on.
https://www. worldhistory.org/Confucianism/ #China #ChinesePhilosophy #Confucianism

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Confucianism is a philosophy developed in 6th-century BCE China, which is considered by some a secular-humanist belief system, by some a religion, and by others a social code. The broad range of subjects touched on by Confucianism lends itself to all three of these interpretations depending on which aspects one focuses on.
https://www. worldhistory.org/Confucianism/ #China #ChinesePhilosophy #Confucianism

# orderedItems[].object.content
In this interview, World History Encyclopedia sits down with author and Assyriologist Amanda H. Podany to learn all about her new book Weavers, Scribes, and Kings: A New History of the Ancient Near East published by Oxford University Press. https://www. worldhistory.org/article/2104/weavers-scribes-and-kings-a-new-history-of-the-anc/?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
In this interview, World History Encyclopedia sits down with author and Assyriologist Amanda H. Podany to learn all about her new book Weavers, Scribes, and Kings: A New History of the Ancient Near East published by Oxford University Press. https://www. worldhistory.org/article/2104/weavers-scribes-and-kings-a-new-history-of-the-anc/?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history

# orderedItems[].object.content
Kylee-Anne Hingston, Assistant Professor of English at St. Thomas More College in Saskatoon, Canada, uses a conversational approach and gentle writing to show how literary forms create and determine literary characters' bodily images in her latest book Articulating Bodies: the Narrative Form of Disability and Illness in Victorian Fiction . https://www. worldhistory.org/review/296/ar ticulating-bodies-the-narrative-form-of-disabili/?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history #Literature #Disability #VictorHugo

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Kylee-Anne Hingston, Assistant Professor of English at St. Thomas More College in Saskatoon, Canada, uses a conversational approach and gentle writing to show how literary forms create and determine literary characters' bodily images in her latest book Articulating Bodies: the Narrative Form of Disability and Illness in Victorian Fiction . https://www. worldhistory.org/review/296/ar ticulating-bodies-the-narrative-form-of-disabili/?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history #Literature #Disability #VictorHugo

# orderedItems[].object.content
In the book's Introduction, Craig Benjamin writes that, between the 2nd century BCE and the mid-3rd century CE, the Silk Roads linked together many cultures and communities throughout Afro-Eurasia. This is the “First Silk Roads Era,” which, according to Benjamin, "resulted in the most significant transregional commercial and cultural interactions experienced by humans to this point in history.”... https://www. worldhistory.org/review/297/em pires-of-ancient-eurasia-the-first-silk-roads-er/?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history #SilkRoad #CentralAsia #Eurasia

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
In the book's Introduction, Craig Benjamin writes that, between the 2nd century BCE and the mid-3rd century CE, the Silk Roads linked together many cultures and communities throughout Afro-Eurasia. This is the “First Silk Roads Era,” which, according to Benjamin, "resulted in the most significant transregional commercial and cultural interactions experienced by humans to this point in history.”... https://www. worldhistory.org/review/297/em pires-of-ancient-eurasia-the-first-silk-roads-er/?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history #SilkRoad #CentralAsia #Eurasia

# orderedItems[].object.content
Circe (also spelt Kirké) is a powerful sorceress and goddess in Greek mythology with an exceptional talent for mixing drugs. She was the daughter of the sun-god Helios and the Oceanid Perseis. Circe’s home was found on the wooded island of Aeaea and was guarded by men she had turned into wolves and lions. https://www. worldhistory.org/Circe/?utm_so urce=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history #GreekMythology #Circe #Witchcraft

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Circe (also spelt Kirké) is a powerful sorceress and goddess in Greek mythology with an exceptional talent for mixing drugs. She was the daughter of the sun-god Helios and the Oceanid Perseis. Circe’s home was found on the wooded island of Aeaea and was guarded by men she had turned into wolves and lions. https://www. worldhistory.org/Circe/?utm_so urce=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history #GreekMythology #Circe #Witchcraft

# orderedItems[].object.content
Ghosts in ancient Mesopotamia were understood as a reality of life just as they were in other civilizations of antiquity. Although the cultures of the various Mesopotamian civilizations differed between c. 5000 BCE-651 CE, the belief in ghosts, and responses to supernatural visitations, remained remarkably similar even when funerary rites or visions of the afterlife changed. https://www. worldhistory.org/article/2101/ghosts-in-ancient-mesopotamia/?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Ghosts in ancient Mesopotamia were understood as a reality of life just as they were in other civilizations of antiquity. Although the cultures of the various Mesopotamian civilizations differed between c. 5000 BCE-651 CE, the belief in ghosts, and responses to supernatural visitations, remained remarkably similar even when funerary rites or visions of the afterlife changed. https://www. worldhistory.org/article/2101/ghosts-in-ancient-mesopotamia/?utm_source=Mastodon&utm_medium=Zapier&utm_campaign=whencyclopedia #history

# orderedItems[].object.content
A popular perception both in and out of academia is this: a few millennia ago, agriculture let hunter-gatherers settle down and form permanent societies and governments, which provided better living conditions compared to unsettled nomadic communities. In Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States , the political scientist James C. Scott attempts to disprove this perception about the origin of states and governments. Scott argues... https://www. worldhistory.org/review/292/ag ainst-the-grain-a-deep-history-of-the-earliest-s/

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
A popular perception both in and out of academia is this: a few millennia ago, agriculture let hunter-gatherers settle down and form permanent societies and governments, which provided better living conditions compared to unsettled nomadic communities. In Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States , the political scientist James C. Scott attempts to disprove this perception about the origin of states and governments. Scott argues... https://www. worldhistory.org/review/292/ag ainst-the-grain-a-deep-history-of-the-earliest-s/

# orderedItems[].object.content
Lycurgus is considered the semi-mythical founder of classical Sparta and responsible for all of the city-state’s laws as well as its military and political institutions. He became better known to generations of Spartans as the lawgiver. He transformed Sparta into one of the most efficient military powers of Ancient Greece. https://www. worldhistory.org/Lycurgus/

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Lycurgus is considered the semi-mythical founder of classical Sparta and responsible for all of the city-state’s laws as well as its military and political institutions. He became better known to generations of Spartans as the lawgiver. He transformed Sparta into one of the most efficient military powers of Ancient Greece. https://www. worldhistory.org/Lycurgus/

# orderedItems[].object.content
Herodotus’ section of his Histories on burial in ancient Egypt (Book II.85-90) is an accurate description of Egyptian mummification but he purposefully omits the spiritual significance of embalming in keeping with his commitment to refrain from discussing the religious beliefs of other cultures. The spiritual aspect of embalming, however, was central to the practice and is addressed indirectly. https://www. worldhistory.org/article/89/he rodotus-on-burial-in-egypt/

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Herodotus’ section of his Histories on burial in ancient Egypt (Book II.85-90) is an accurate description of Egyptian mummification but he purposefully omits the spiritual significance of embalming in keeping with his commitment to refrain from discussing the religious beliefs of other cultures. The spiritual aspect of embalming, however, was central to the practice and is addressed indirectly. https://www. worldhistory.org/article/89/he rodotus-on-burial-in-egypt/

# orderedItems[].object.content
The trial and execution of Marie Antoinette (1755-1793), formerly the queen of France, was among the opening events of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Accused of a series of crimes that included conspiring with foreign powers against the security of France, Marie Antoinette was found guilty of high treason and executed on 16 October 1793. https://www. worldhistory.org/article/2099/trial-and-execution-of-marie-antoinette/

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
The trial and execution of Marie Antoinette (1755-1793), formerly the queen of France, was among the opening events of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Accused of a series of crimes that included conspiring with foreign powers against the security of France, Marie Antoinette was found guilty of high treason and executed on 16 October 1793. https://www. worldhistory.org/article/2099/trial-and-execution-of-marie-antoinette/

# orderedItems[].object.content
Although this is a wonderful read for anyone having a deep infatuation with Japanese history, it mostly appeals to a scholar or a reader who is somewhat familiar with the topic. This, however, should not discourage any passionate readers from attempting this book. Its language style and structure are straightforward. This book looks at Japanese history through the eyes of the author Morgan Pitelka and a common citizen living in the medieval Ja... https://www. worldhistory.org/review/294/re ading-medieval-ruins-urban-life-and-destruction/

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Although this is a wonderful read for anyone having a deep infatuation with Japanese history, it mostly appeals to a scholar or a reader who is somewhat familiar with the topic. This, however, should not discourage any passionate readers from attempting this book. Its language style and structure are straightforward. This book looks at Japanese history through the eyes of the author Morgan Pitelka and a common citizen living in the medieval Ja... https://www. worldhistory.org/review/294/re ading-medieval-ruins-urban-life-and-destruction/

# orderedItems[].object.content
When the first edition of The American West: A New Interpretive History , penned by Professor Robert V. Hine (1921 - 2015) and Professor John Mack Faragher, was published in 2000, it was an instant success despite the field of the American West history already having a comprehensive list of popular books. During the production of the second edition, Jon T. Coleman joined in the writing process. Hine, Faragher, and Coleman examine the American ... https://www. worldhistory.org/review/293/th e-american-west-a-new-interpretive-history-secon/

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
When the first edition of The American West: A New Interpretive History , penned by Professor Robert V. Hine (1921 - 2015) and Professor John Mack Faragher, was published in 2000, it was an instant success despite the field of the American West history already having a comprehensive list of popular books. During the production of the second edition, Jon T. Coleman joined in the writing process. Hine, Faragher, and Coleman examine the American ... https://www. worldhistory.org/review/293/th e-american-west-a-new-interpretive-history-secon/

# orderedItems[].object.content
17th-century Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) navigators were the first Europeans to set foot on Australian soil. Although there is a strong theory that the Portuguese explorer, Cristóvão de Mendonça (1475-1532), may have discovered Australia in 1522, the first recorded European landfall was made by the Dutch Willem Janszoon in 1606. The VOC was a trading company... https://www. worldhistory.org/article/1933/the-dutch-discovery-of-australia/

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
17th-century Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) navigators were the first Europeans to set foot on Australian soil. Although there is a strong theory that the Portuguese explorer, Cristóvão de Mendonça (1475-1532), may have discovered Australia in 1522, the first recorded European landfall was made by the Dutch Willem Janszoon in 1606. The VOC was a trading company... https://www. worldhistory.org/article/1933/the-dutch-discovery-of-australia/

# orderedItems[].object.content
Sardis (near modern-day Sart, Turkey ) was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Lydia founded (according to Herodotus ) by the Heracleidae, the Heraclid Dynasty descended from the hero Heracles (Hercules ). The city was famous in antiquity for its wealth, culture , and favorable position on the central trade route from the Aegean Sea to the interior of Asia Minor . https://www. worldhistory.org/sardis/

# orderedItems[].object.contentMap.en
Sardis (near modern-day Sart, Turkey ) was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Lydia founded (according to Herodotus ) by the Heracleidae, the Heraclid Dynasty descended from the hero Heracles (Hercules ). The city was famous in antiquity for its wealth, culture , and favorable position on the central trade route from the Aegean Sea to the interior of Asia Minor . https://www. worldhistory.org/sardis/