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#volcanism

2 posts2 participants1 post today
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anlomedad

A new paper states that 44 thousand year old things like ropes and remains of tuna, found on the Philippine's Ilin Island, suggest that the people were skilled seafarers and deep-sea fishers who did not arrive on the islands by happenstance on bamboo rafts but as intentional explorers in actual boats.
Press release by the researchers' university:
ateneo.edu/news/2025/02/21/clu

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Now, given how many known volcanoes there are, wouldn't it be likely that some kind of Philippine Pompeji could be found if one follows clues as to where pre-historic people might have favoured to settle?

Below is a GoogleEarth map of South East Asia, with Smithsonian's locations of #volcano sites volcano.si.edu/ge/PlacemarkLin

The red marker in the centre-right indicates Ilin Island where the archeologists did their field research.

And if they were so used to fishing, boating, maybe sailing, could they have survived a 17 thousand km trip to South America, too? ^^ With a few stopovers? What would they have done for drinking water on their island hopping?

Screenshot from Google Earth showing land and ocean in South East Asia. Also shows markers for volcanos and a marker for the Philippine's Ilin Island. Multiple volcanoes are on almost every island and many on mainland South East Asis.
#archaeology#paleontology#volcanism
Public
☮ ♥ ♬ 🧑‍💻

“we report two newly recognized episodes of basaltic volcanism with Pb-Pb dating for basalt fragments returned by the #Change6 mission. One high-Al basalt fragment dated at 4,203 ± 4 million years ago (Ma) has a source 238U/204Pb ratio (µ value) of ~1,620, implying a KREEP-rich (K, rare earth elements, and P) source for this oldest-known occurrence of #basaltic #volcanism among returned samples”

🌘🌋

#lunar / #moon / #volcano <nature.com/articles/s41586-024>

NatureLunar farside volcanism 2.8 billion years ago from Chang’e-6 basalts - NatureUnravelling the volcanic history of the enigmatic lunar farside is essential for understanding the hemispheric dichotomy of the Moon1-3. Cratering chronology established for the lunar nearside has been used to suggest long-lived volcanism on the farside of the Moon3,4, but without sample verification. Here we report two newly recognized episodes of basaltic volcanism with Pb-Pb dating for basalt fragments returned by the Chang’e-6 mission. One high-Al basalt fragment dated at 4,203 ± 4 million years ago (Ma) has a source 238U/204Pb ratio (µ value) of ~1,620, implying a KREEP-rich (K, rare earth elements, and P) source for this oldest-known occurrence of basaltic volcanism among returned samples. The main volcanic episode of the Chang’e-6 basalt documents a surprisingly young eruption age of 2,807 ± 3 Ma, which is not recognized from the nearside of the Moon. The initial Pb isotope compositions of these younger basalts indicate derivation from a source with a µ value of ~360, indicating a KREEP-poor mantle source. Mare volcanism on the lunar farside thus persisted for >1.4 billion years even with a shift to a source depleted in heat-producing elements. The consistency between the 2.8-billion-year basalt age and its crater-counting age indicates that the cratering chronology model established for the lunar nearside is also applicable to the farside of the Moon.
Public
Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬

Samples obtained by #China's #Change6 #spacecraft show #moon's ancient #volcanism
Researchers said the soil brought back from the Chang'e-6 landing site contained fragments of volcanic rock - #basalt - dating to 4.2 billion years ago and to 2.8 billion years ago. This points to a long period of volcanic activity - at least 1.4 billion years - on the far side during the first half of the moon's history, when it was a more dynamic world than it is today.
yahoo.com/news/samples-obtaine

Yahoo News · Samples obtained by Chinese spacecraft show moon's ancient volcanismBy Will Dunham
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anlomedad

agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.co
#Chiodini et al 2010

Mefite d'Ansanto, Italy is the den of the goddess Mefite, acc to Roman lore. She burps nearly 1Mt CO2 annually and the area is unsafe for animals & humans due to high CO2 concentrations.

1Mt/a is what ClimeWorks says their CCS in Iceland removes by 2030...

Dunno if the uptick of volcanic activity due to #ClimateChange (post-glacial rebound) is going to threaten the CCS installation.

It is the uptick in volcanic activity which had me search for papers, and come across this particular one.
Because I wonder whether volcanos can become a carbon bomb.
After all, it is said that CO2 from volcanos played a major role when Earth climbed out of ice ages.
They're coming alive in post-glacial rebound and #SeaLevelRise triggers near-coastal volcano eruptions.
At the moment, volcanos contribute an estimated 350Mt/a CO2.
A 10-fold increase in volcanic degassing would take 30 years for +0.1°C when 100 to 150Gt CO2 equal +0.1°C.

Screenshot of figure 1 from the paper, showing the location in Southern Italy, an aerial photo with forest canopy and a meandering line of blank, white limestone, and a schematic of the CO2 sources.
#CCS#CO2#ClimeWorks
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anlomedad

Due to acid rain, countries lowered SO2 emissions from industry and power plants. But SO2 is also a coolant via cloud-seeding aerosols. See Glen Peters' tweet: globally -0.5°C from 2010-2019. A very short lifetime of mere days means, SO2 molecules cool only locally, while methane and CO2 heat all.

SO2 is emitted by burning coal and ship fuel, & in #volcanism.
The other major coolant NOx, also short-lived with regional not global direct forcing, is emitted by burning fossil fuels eg in cars, and lightening storms & biomass burning.
So when our emissions drop, local heating goes up: " #TerminationShock".

When I say "local heating goes up", I should add that via wind and land-atmosphere and ocean-atmosphere interaction, this local heating also has global repercussions. Eg., wind drives the warm-er air parcel across the globe. So a warmer China and Japan who ditched SO2 and NOx, also heat the #Pacific.

Lowering SO2 and NOx while N2O (fertilizer), CH4 and CO2 emissions still rise is rather stupid.
#climate #climateChange #methane #SO2 #NOx #atmosphere #ocean

6 charts with regional SO2 emissions, 3 as stacked version, showing the sum of emissions within the region, and 3 as independent lines for regions. Peak SO2 for European regions was 1979, then quickly reduced to near zero by 2010. Peaks for Northern America and Russia were 1973 and 1993 respectively. Russia's SO2 only dropped a little and stayed the same since 1997. North America got to near zero by 2015. In Asia, China stands out with a rapid increase of SO2 emissions from the early 2000s, peaking in 2008, followed by a rapid decline to its 1980-level emissions of 10Mt SO2. The other Asian regions, India, West Asia, Central Asia, Southern Asia, are still growing their SO2 emissions. source: OurWorldInData
Tweet by Glen Peters saying that without SO2 emissions, the world woukd be 0.5C warmer. Attached is a chart showing all GHG concentrations from 2010 to 2019 and their respective contribution to warming. CO2 contributed 0.78C, SO2 cooled by 0.5C, and CH4 warmed by 0.5C. 8 more GHG are in the chart. All combined made up 1.1C warming over pre-industrial.
Short-lived climate forcers as a table. The lifetime of SO2 is stated as days. The other major coolant NOx lives hours to days. Methane CH4 lives 9 to 12 years before it is broken down and warms the planet 80 times as much as CO2 does. source: AR6-WG1 chapter 6, table 6.1
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