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#castiglione

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Porta Castiglione for #Doorsday

🤓"But that's not a door, you f*cking idiot!"
Well, in Italian it is. Porta = Door. So, if you have any problems with that - take it up with the country of Italy.
Porta Castiglione was first built in the middle of the 13th century and then given a spruce in the 15th century. Back in the day, it was part of the city walls used to protect the centre - it was a machiocolated rampart (which means it was used for defensive purposes to keep undesirables out). Thankfully, it's not used for that purpose anymore, so now I can live here. ✨


#photography #amateurphotography #door #doorsday #urban #city #cityscape #doorphotography #castiglione #bologna #street #history #stone #architecture #porta #retro #portadì #italia #citta #old #middleages #medieval #urbanarchitecture #travel #europe #medievale

Running a genetic stop sign accelerates oxygen metabolism and energy production in #horses

Beginning as early as 5000 years ago and lasting until just around 150 years ago, horses were integral to human societies. Their capacity for intense exertion led to their being used as everything from beasts of burden to elite racers. This athleticism is largely driven by increased oxygen consumption rates due to muscles full of mitochondria. #Castiglione et al. found that horses evolved to cope with the increased oxidative burden brought about by mitochondrial activity through the evolution of a single point mutation that increases oxidative phosphorylation while simultaneously mitigating the consequent oxidative stress. —#SachaVignieri #Science #Equus #Equuscaballus #GianniMCastiglione

science.org/doi/10.1126/scienc