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MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History, July 23, 1968: The Glenville shootout between a Black Militant organization and the Cleveland Police Department occurred. Three white cops, three black nationalists, and one black bystander died. The shoot-out precipitated a riot five-day riot. The militant organization was called the Black Nationalist of New Libya, led by Fred (Ahmed) Evans. The organization formed in order to combat white supremacy, discrimination, and racist violence against black residents. Evans, who survived the gun battle, and who never fired a shot, was later convicted of murder by an all-white jury, in a trial marred by illegalities and bias. He died of cancer in 1978, while serving a life sentence.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/cleveland" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cleveland</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Riot" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Riot</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>police</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policebrutality" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>policebrutality</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/acab" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>acab</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fredevans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>fredevans</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/blacknationalism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>blacknationalism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/prison" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>prison</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History, July 23, 1967: Five days of rioting began in Detroit, after police raided an unlicensed, after-hours bar, known as a blind pig, on the city's Near West Side. The Detroit riots were among the deadliest in U.S. history, killing 43 people, including several cops and soldiers. Additionally, 1,189 people were injured, 7,200 people were arrested, and over 400 buildings were destroyed. The governor called out the National Guard and President Johnson sent in the army’s 82nd and 101st airborne divisions. The rioting came in the wake of decades of racial discrimination and violence against black residents, including by the KKK and racist police.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/detroit" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>detroit</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Riot" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Riot</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>police</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policebrutality" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>policebrutality</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/massacre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>massacre</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/kkk" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>kkk</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/acab" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>acab</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/discrimination" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>discrimination</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Writing History, July 19, 1875: Alice Dunbar Nelson, American poet and activist was born. She was a prominent part of the Harlem Renaissance. She published her first collection of short stories and poems, “Violets and Other Tales,” in 1895. In 1910s, she co-founded the Equal Suffrage Study Club and was a field organizer for the woman's suffrage movement. In the 1920s-1930s, she was very active in the movements for African Americans' and women's rights, campaigned for the passage of the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill and spoke in support of the Scottsboro defendants." She was married three times to men, but also had lesbian affairs on the side. Her first husband, Paul Laurence Dunbar, was also a Harlem Renaissance writer. He was an alcoholic, who raped and regularly beat her, one time nearly to death. He died in 1906 from tuberculosis and alcoholism. After his death, she taught high school and attended Cornell University. She was most active in organizing for women’s and African American rights in the 1920s-1930s.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackLivesMater" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackLivesMater</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/lynching" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>lynching</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/feminism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>feminism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/womensrights" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>womensrights</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/poet" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>poet</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/poetry" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>poetry</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/books" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>books</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/writer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>writer</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/equalrights" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>equalrights</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/activism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>activism</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstadon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>bookstadon</span></a></span></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History July 18, 1966: Start of the 6-day Hough Uprising in Cleveland, Ohio. 1,700 National Guards intervened. 4 African Americans died. 50 people were injured. City officials blamed black nationalists and communists, but the real causes were poverty and racism. Over 66,000 people, lived in Hough. 90% of them were black. The neighborhood suffered from racially segregated and inferior schools, lack of routine garbage collection, no street cleaning, and 20% of all housing units officially dilapidated, many owned by absentee white landlords. Meanwhile, the racially segregated police stoked racial tensions. 20% of Cleveland's major crimes were committed in Hough, even though it had only 7% of the city's population, and only 165 of Cleveland's 2,100 police officers were African American. In 1963-1964, a coalition of African American civil rights groups led a nine-month protest campaign against the poor-quality, racially segregated schools and racial discrimination against blacks by labor unions. The protests were Cleveland's first large, racial protests, and their failure to achieve significant progress sent the message that negotiation and legal action produced only limited results.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/uprising" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>uprising</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Riot" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Riot</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackLivesMatter" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackLivesMatter</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/communism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>communism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>police</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policebrutality" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>policebrutality</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/acab" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>acab</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>union</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/civilrights" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>civilrights</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/cleveland" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cleveland</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History July 17, 1944: Two ammunition ships exploded at Port Chicago, CA (now known as the Concord Naval Weapons Center). The explosion killed 322 sailors, including 202 African-Americans assigned by the Navy to handle explosives. The explosion could be seen 35 miles away in San Francisco, across the Bay. In response, 258 African-Americans refused to return to the dangerous work, initiating what would be known as the Port Chicago Mutiny. 50 of the men were convicted and sentenced to hard labor. 47 were released in 1946. During their court proceedings, Thurgood Marshall, working then for the NAACP, prepared an appeal campaign, noting that only black men had been assigned to the dangerous munitions loading job. At the time, navy had over 100,000 black sailors, but no black officers. Beginning in 1990, a group of 25 Congressional leaders began a campaign to exonerate the mutineers. However, Congress did not exonerate the men until 2019.</p><p>In the 1980s, activists regularly protested at the Concord Naval Weapons Center against U.S. arms shipments to the Contras in Nicaragua. These shipments were supposedly secret, and illegal under the Congressional Boland Amendment. The base shipped 60,000 to 120,000 tons of munitions each year to U.S. forces and allies, including the Contras. On September 1, 1987, a weapons train deliberately ran over veterans who were blockading the tracks, including Brian Willson, who lost both of his legs, and a portion of his frontal lobe, in the collision. Days later, activists dismantled the train tracks. And for years after, activists maintained a 24-hour vigil at the site. The FBI had been surveilling Willson for more than a year as a “domestic terrorist,” even though all of his activism and protests had been entirely nonviolent. The train crew had been told to not stop the train, even if protesters were on the tracks. </p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/brianwillson" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>brianwillson</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/portchicago" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>portchicago</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ConcordNavalWeaponsCenter" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>ConcordNavalWeaponsCenter</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/nicaragua" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>nicaragua</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/contras" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>contras</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/sandinistas" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>sandinistas</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/directaction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>directaction</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/civildisobedience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>civildisobedience</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/domesticsurveillence" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>domesticsurveillence</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fbi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>fbi</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mutiny" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>mutiny</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/weapons" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>weapons</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/disaster" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>disaster</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/blm" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>blm</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/naacp" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>naacp</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/thurgoodmarshall" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>thurgoodmarshall</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/terrorism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>terrorism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor and Writing History July 16, 1862: Ida B Wells was born, Holly Springs, Mississippi. She was most famous for her nation-wide anti-lynching campaign, launched after the murder of three black businessmen in Memphis, Tennessee. Wells was born into slavery, in Mississippi, and spent her lifetime fighting racism and prejudice. She worked as a journalist, where she documented lynchings. She also founded the NAACP. Her autobiography, “Crusade for Justice,” was published posthumously in 1970.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IdaBWells" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>IdaBWells</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/slavery" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>slavery</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/lynching" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>lynching</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/naacp" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>naacp</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mississippi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>mississippi</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackLivesMatter" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackLivesMatter</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/blm" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>blm</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History July 11, 1947: Eight black prisoners were killed in Brunswick, Georgia, during the Anguilla Prison Massacre, for refusing to work in a snake infested swamp without boots. The New York Times reported it as a failed prison escape. However, a handwritten note, by one of the survivors, describing what really happened, reached the NAACP. After refusing to dig ditches, barefoot, among poisonous snakes, they were driven back to camp where, the warden, drunk and angry, opened fire on them with a submachine gun. No one was ever convicted of their murder.</p><p>I doubt Trump knows this history. Hell, the idiot didn’t even know that English was the official language of Liberia. But this prison sounds eerily similar to Alligator Auschwitz, which is located in the Everglades and surrounded by alligator- and python-infested waters. The first group of prisoners arrived there on July 3, 2025 and have already reported human rights violations like limited access to water, insufficient food, and restrictions on the practice of their religion. Proponents claim the facility is designed to withstand Category 2 hurricanes. However, the facility was built in only eight days and is likely to contain flaws. Furthermore, with the number and severity of storms intensifying due to the Climate Crisis, and the prison’s location in the heart of hurricane country, it could easily experience storms that are much more severe than Category 2.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/prison" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>prison</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/massacre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>massacre</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/naacp" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>naacp</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NewYorkTimes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>NewYorkTimes</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/propaganda" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>propaganda</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/trump" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>trump</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/alligatoralcatraz" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>alligatoralcatraz</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/liberia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>liberia</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History July 8, 1968: A wildcat strike began in Detroit, Michigan against both the Chrysler Corporation and the UAW. At the time, the Dodge Hamtramck plant was 70% black, while the union local was dominated by older Polish-American workers. In response, black workers formed the new Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement. The Revolutionary Union Movement quickly spread to other Detroit plants: Ford Revolutionary Union Movement at the Ford River Rouge Plant, and Eldon Avenue Revolutionary Union Movement at the Chrysler Eldon Avenue plant. They united in 1969 in the League of Revolutionary Black Workers.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/DRUM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>DRUM</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/revolutionary" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>revolutionary</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>union</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/wildcat" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>wildcat</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>strike</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/autoworkers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>autoworkers</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/detroit" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>detroit</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/michigan" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>michigan</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/DodgeRevolutionayUnionMovement" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>DodgeRevolutionayUnionMovement</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/UAW" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>UAW</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LeagueofRevolutionaryBlackWorkers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LeagueofRevolutionaryBlackWorkers</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History July 8, 1876: White Democrats attacked African-American Republicans in the Hamburg massacre, in South Carolina. In an act of voter suppression prior to the 1876 United States presidential election, 100 white members of the Red Shirts, a racist rifle club, attacked black members of the National Guards, torturing and murdering six of them. In the months prior to the 1876 election, whites killed scores of black people in the South. When the election finally occurred, the democrat, Samuel J. Tilden, received 184 uncontested electoral votes, just under the 185 threshold need to win. The Republican, Rutherford B. Hayes, had only 165, with four states (Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Carolina) returning disputed slates. Then, in a secret back-room deal, it is presumed that Thomas Scott, president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, then the largest corporation in the world, orchestrated a compromise in which the Republican would get the presidency. What did the Democrats get in exchange for giving up the presidency, which they quite likely would have won? An end to Reconstruction, with the Republicans agreeing to remove the federal troops from the Southern states, which they had placed there to protect black residents and voters in the wake of the Civil War. This ushered in the era of Jim Crow, with intense suppression of African American voters, Civil Rights, and freedom. There is no written evidence to confirm that the Compromise of 1877 occurred. But if it did, it most likely occurred at the Wormley Hotel, one of the fanciest and most renowned hotels in Washington, D.C., owned by James Wormley, an African American man, and an activist for black Civil Rights.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Riot" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Riot</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/murder" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>murder</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/massacre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>massacre</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/reconstruction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>reconstruction</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/hamburg" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>hamburg</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/votersuppression" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>votersuppression</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/election" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>election</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/blm" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>blm</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/jameswormley" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>jameswormley</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/wormleyhotel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>wormleyhotel</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/pennsylvania" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>pennsylvania</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/railroad" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>railroad</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/jimcrow" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>jimcrow</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/civilrights" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>civilrights</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/civilwar" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>civilwar</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History July 6, 1944: Four years before breaking the color barrier in Major League Baseball, Jackie Robinson refused to move to the back of a military bus, leading to a court-martial. He was acquitted by an all-white jury of nine officers. Fortunately, the court proceedings prevented his deployment and he finished World War II without seeing combat. The following year, Branch Rickey began to recruit him to play for the Dodgers. When he asked Robinson if he could take the racist epithets that would likely be hurled at him, he said, “Are you looking for a Negro who is afraid to fight back?” Rickey said, “No, I’m looking for one with guts enough NOT to fight back.”</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mlb" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>mlb</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/baseball" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>baseball</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/jackierobinson" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>jackierobinson</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/jimcrow" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>jimcrow</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/dodgers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>dodgers</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History July 4, 1977: The George Jackson Brigade planted a bomb at a power station in Olympia, Washington, in solidarity with a prison strike at the Walla Walla State Penitentiary. They were a revolutionary group founded in the mid-1970s, based in Seattle, named after George Jackson, a prisoner and Black Panther who was shot and killed during an alleged escape attempt at San Quentin Prison in 1971. The Brigade was composed of both communist and anarchist veterans of the women's liberation, LGBTQ and Black Nationalist movements.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/liberation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>liberation</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/nationalism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>nationalism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/georgejackson" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>georgejackson</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/lgbtq" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>lgbtq</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>anarchism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/communism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>communism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/feminism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>feminism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/prison" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>prison</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/incarceration" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>incarceration</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>strike</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/blackpanther" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>blackpanther</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/bomb" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>bomb</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/solidarity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>solidarity</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History July 4, 1910: African-American boxer Jack Johnson knocked out white boxer Jim Jeffries in the 15th round, leading to race riots throughout the U.S. 11 separate riots occurred in NYC, alone. There were riots in 50 cities, including New York, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Houston, New Orleans, Atlanta, and St. Louis. At least 20 people died in these riots. Johnson, who was also known as the Galveston Giant, became the first black World Heavyweight champion in 1908, which made him unpopular with the predominantly white audience of boxing. He held that title from 1908-1915 and quickly became the most famous black man of the era. The racism against him was so intense that many, including socialist writer Jack London, called for a Great White Hope to fight him and take away his title. Jeffries, a former heavyweight world champ, came out of retirement specifically to prove “that a white man is better than a Negro.” Johnson’s victory in this fight earned him $65,000 ($2.1 million in today’s dollars). </p><p>With his winnings, Johnson opened a multi-racial restaurant and nightclub, Club Deluxe, which he ran with his white wife. Because of this, the authorities arrested him for violating the Mann act (transporting women across state lines for immoral purposes). President Trump pardoned him in 2018, something Reagan, both Bushes and even Obama refused to do. Johnson fled the country to avoid arrest, but continued boxing abroad. Eventually he turned himself in and served time at Leavenworth Prison.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/boxing" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>boxing</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/jackjohnson" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>jackjohnson</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/trump" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>trump</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/obama" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>obama</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/reagan" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>reagan</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/riots" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>riots</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/prison" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>prison</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/socialism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>socialism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/jacklondon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>jacklondon</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/jimcrow" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>jimcrow</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History July 2, 1822: The authorities hanged Denmark Vesey and 34 others for plotting a slave uprising. An estimated 9,000 were involved in the plot, but only 67 were convicted of any offense. Vesey was a free man living Charleston, South Carolina, who still had enslaved family members. He cofounded the African Methodist Episcopal church (AME) in Charleston, quickly gaining near 2,000 members and the support of white clergy. Charleston at the time had far more black residents than white, including many upper-class free blacks, some of whom had their own slaves. Additionally, many white refugees from the Haitian Revolution moved to Charleston with their black slaves. Consequently, there were many black residents who wanted to replicate the Haitian slave uprising in South Carolina and many whites who were fearful of such a rebellion.</p><p>Many of the congregants in Vesey’s church were currently enslaved and he used the church to help organize the revolt. The uprising was supposed to occur on July 14, Bastille Day, since the victors of the French Revolution had abolished slavery in Saint Domingue. The plan was to attack the arsenal, kill as many white slave owners as possible, like they did in the Haitian Revolution, and then commandeer ships to Haiti. Vesey’s success at organizing thousands of free and enslaved blacks was also his downfall. So many people knew about the plot, that word easily leaked to the white slaveowners. In the end, he was betrayed by two slaves who were loyal to their masters. Several white men were also convicted of participating in the plot. None were known abolitionists and all the white allies received lenient sentences.</p><p>Many writers have depicted Vesey or his rebellion in their writing. The title character in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel “Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp” (1855) is a composite of Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner. Probably inspired by contemporary criticism of “Uncle Tom,” who she portrayed as a passive martyr, she made Dred a revolutionary escaped slave. Martin Delaney also refers to Vesey in his serialized novel, “Blake; or the Huts of America” (1859–61). Delaney was, himself, a revolutionary free black man. He was an abolitionist, writer and the first and only black man to achieve the rank of major during the Civil War. He was also the first black nationalist, who coined the phrase, “Africa for Africans.” African American writer John Oliver Killens (1916-1987) wrote a biography of Vesey “Great Gittin' Up Morning” (1972). And, more recently, Orson Scott Card portrays Vesey in his “The Tales of Alvin Maker” series (1987-2003).</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/denmarkvessey" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>denmarkvessey</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/slavery" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>slavery</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/slaverevolt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>slaverevolt</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/rebellion" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>rebellion</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Revolution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Revolution</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/haiti" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>haiti</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Abolition" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Abolition</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/natturner" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>natturner</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/HarrietBeecherStowe" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>HarrietBeecherStowe</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/books" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>books</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>fiction</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/novel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>novel</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/writer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>writer</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/civilwar" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>civilwar</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/author" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>author</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstadon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>bookstadon</span></a></span></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History June 30, 1839: The Amistad left the Havana harbor to deliver 53 enslaved African to a sugar plantation. Portuguese slave traders had illegally transported the Mende people from west Africa to Cuba, in violation of European treaties against the slave trade. On July 1, Joseph Cinque led a revolt. Armed with machete-like cane knives, they killed the captain and several crew members, but spared the two slave owners so they could direct the ship back to Africa. The crew tricked them and sailed up the Atlantic coast, presuming they would be intercepted by the U.S. Navy, which captured the ship near Montauk, Long Island. President Martin Van Buren wanted to send the prisoners back to Spanish authorities in Cuba to stand trial for mutiny. Abolitionists raised funds for the mutineers’ defense. Former President John Quincy Adams represented them in court. Adams was one of the few early U.S. presidents to not own slaves, to support the abolitionist movement, and to oppose the war with Mexico. In 1841, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the mutineers had been illegally enslaved and had rebelled in self-defense and ordered them freed.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/slavery" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>slavery</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/amistad" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>amistad</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/revolt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>revolt</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mutiny" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>mutiny</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Abolition" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Abolition</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/SCOTUS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>SCOTUS</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/africa" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>africa</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/cuba" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cuba</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today In Labor History June 29, 1941: Stokely Carmichael (1941-1998), founder of the U.S. civil rights group the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad. He was a key figure in the Black Power movement, becoming honorary Prime Minister of the Black Panther Party and, later, as the leader of the All-African People’s Revolutionary Party. The FBI attempted to destroy him through COINTELLPRO, and succeeded in convincing Huey Newton that he was a CIA agent. This, and the Panthers’ embracing of white activists into their movement, led him to distance himself from the Panthers. In 1968, he married the famous South African singer Miriam Makeba and moved to Africa, changing his name to Kwame Ture and campaigning internationally for revolutionary socialist pan-Africanism.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/stokelycarmichael" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>stokelycarmichael</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/blackpanthers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>blackpanthers</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/sncc" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>sncc</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fbi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>fbi</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CivilRights" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>CivilRights</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/cointellpro" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cointellpro</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/africa" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>africa</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/panafricanism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>panafricanism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History June 10, 1937: The mayor of Monroe, Michigan organized a vigilante mob of 1,400 men armed with baseball bats and teargas to break the picket line at Newton Steel. As a result, eight strikers were injured and hospitalized. The vigilantes also vandalized sixteen of the workers’ cars dumped eight of them into the river. During this same strike wave in the steel industry, there was a Memorial Day Massacre, in Chicago, in which the police beat and shot scores of people, including men and women, killing at least 25. There was also the Women’s Day Massacre, in Youngstown, Ohio, in which 2 workers were killed. 10% of the union at that time was made up of African American workers. Although few women worked in the industry, they played a pivotal role in the strike, walking picket lines with the men, risking life and limb in confrontations with the police.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>union</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>strike</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/vigilantes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>vigilantes</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/michigan" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>michigan</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/steel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>steel</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/vandalism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>vandalism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/women" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>women</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/africanamerican" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>africanamerican</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/massacre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>massacre</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>police</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policebrutality" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>policebrutality</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History June 3, 1913: IWW Marine Transport Workers Union in New Orleans continued their strike against United Fruit Company (now known as Chiquita) after wages were cut by five dollars per month. The strike, which started on June 2, turned deadly on June 13, when police opened fire on strikers trying to stop scabs from loading a ship, killing two of them. The IWW lost this strike. However, they were highly successful in other longshore strikes up and down the Eastern Seaboard. At this time, the IWW controlled all but 2 of the Philadelphia docks. Their multiracial union was led by Ben Fletcher, an African-American docker. Fletcher was also instrumental in organizing the Baltimore dockers. </p><p>You can read my longer article about Ben Fletcher here: <a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2021/05/13/ben-fletcher-and-the-iww-dockers/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">michaeldunnauthor.com/2021/05/</span><span class="invisible">13/ben-fletcher-and-the-iww-dockers/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IWW" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>IWW</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/wobblies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>wobblies</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>union</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>strike</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/neworleans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>neworleans</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/philadelphia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>philadelphia</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>police</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policebrutality" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>policebrutality</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/acab" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>acab</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policemurder" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>policemurder</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/scab" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>scab</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/antiracism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>antiracism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/solidarity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>solidarity</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History June 2, 1863: Backed by three gunboats, Harriet Tubman and her force of 300 black soldiers, freed 800 enslaved people in the Combahee River Raid, South Carolina. Furthermore, they set fire to the plantations and destroyed millions of dollars-worth of stores, cotton and homes of the wealthy, without losing a single person. Additionally, it was the only military engagement in American history where a woman, black or white, “led the raid and under whose inspiration it was originated and conducted.” Tubman devised her war strategy after repeatedly penetrating across enemy lines and spying on Confederate troop movements. In the aftermath, Confederate Captain John F. Lay said, “The enemy seems to have been well posted as to the character and capacity of our troops and their small chance of encountering opposition, and to have been well guided by persons thoroughly acquainted with the river and country.” Most Americans know of Tubman’s role in the Underground Railroad. However, she was also a spy for the Union Army. And in the late 1850s, she helped John Brown plan his raid on Harper’s Ferry and recruit supporters for the raid.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/civilwar" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>civilwar</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/harriettubman" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>harriettubman</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/slavery" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>slavery</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Abolition" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Abolition</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/undergroundrailroad" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>undergroundrailroad</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/johnbrown" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>johnbrown</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/liberation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>liberation</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/espionage" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>espionage</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strongwomen" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>strongwomen</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/blm" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>blm</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History May 31, 1921: The Tulsa Race Riot. From May 31 through June 1, deputized whites (i.e., racist vigilantes) killed more than 300 African Americans in the worst race riot in U.S. history. The violence began in response to a false report in the Tulsa Tribune accusing a black man of attacking a white girl in an elevator. The headline made the front page. However, there was an accompanying editorial that called for a lynching. White Tulsans went to the African American community of Greenwood (the Black Wall Street) and started shooting black people. They looted and burned 40 square blocks, destroying over 1,400 African American homes, hospitals, schools, and churches. Ten thousand became homeless and had to spend the winter of 1921 living in tents. </p><p>Many African American residents fought back, including veterans of World War One. This attempt at self-preservation prompted the deputized whites and National Guardsmen to arrest 6,000 black residents. Furthermore, they bombarded the community from the air in what was likely the first aerial bombardment of mainland U.S. residents. At least a dozen planes, some carrying police, circled the community and dropped burning balls of turpentine. They also shot at residents from the air. Many of the whites were members of the Klan, such as W. Tate Brady, who had also participated in the tarring and feathering of members of the Industrial Workers of the World in 1917. </p><p>Just a few months later, the government again bombarded civilians from the air, during the Battle of Blair Mountain, when 15,000 coal miners battled 3,000 cops, private cops and vigilantes, in the largest insurrection since the Civil War. Up to 100 miners died in the fighting, along with 10-30 Baldwin-Felts detectives and three national guards. </p><p>You can read my full article on the Battle of Blair Mountain here: <a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/04/14/the-battle-of-blair-mountain/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/04/</span><span class="invisible">14/the-battle-of-blair-mountain/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/tulsa" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>tulsa</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/massacre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>massacre</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/riot" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>riot</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/pogrom" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>pogrom</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IWW" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>IWW</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>police</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policebrutality" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>policebrutality</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/massacre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>massacre</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/greenwood" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>greenwood</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackWallStreet" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackWallStreet</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/kkk" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>kkk</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/klan" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>klan</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/kukluxklan" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>kukluxklan</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/blairmountain" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>blairmountain</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/miner" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>miner</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/coal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>coal</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>union</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>strike</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History May 29, 1854: Civil rights activist, Lydia Flood Jackson, opened the first school for black children in Sacramento, California. Jackson was a member of the black petty bourgeoisie. Her father taught her how to invest in real estate and that business supported her through her life. However, she also developed a line of beauty products known as “Flood Toilet Cremes.” She fought most of her life for African American civil rights and women’s rights. She was the first legislative chair of the California State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs. She was also a member of the Fannie Jackson Coppin Club and the Native Daughter's Club.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/lydiafloodJackson" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>lydiafloodJackson</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>racism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CivilRights" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>CivilRights</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/feminism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>feminism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>education</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/school" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>school</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BlackMastadon</span></a></p>