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#alkalinity

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New work by @bach_lennart

The experiments show that anthropogenic #alkalinity can strongly reduce the generation of natural alkalinity, thereby reducing additionality. This is because the #anthropogenic alkalinity increases the calcium carbonate saturation state, which reduces the dissolution of calcium #carbonate from sand, a natural alkalinity source.

bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg

bg.copernicus.orgThe additionality problem of Ocean Alkalinity EnhancementAbstract. Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is an emerging approach for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR). The net climatic benefit of OAE depends on how much it can increase carbon sequestration relative to a baseline state without OAE. This so-called ‘additionality’ can be calculated as:Additionality = COAE - ∆Cbaseline So far, feasibility studies on OAE have mainly focussed on enhancing alkalinity in the oceans (COAE) but not primarily how such anthropogenic alkalinity would modify the natural alkalinity cycle (∆Cbaseline). Here, I present incubation experiments where materials considered for OAE (sodium hydroxide, steel slag, olivine) are exposed to beach sand to investigate the influence of anthropogenic alkalinity on natural alkalinity sources and sinks. The experiments show that anthropogenic alkalinity can strongly reduce the generation of natural alkalinity, thereby reducing additionality. This is because the anthropogenic alkalinity increases the calcium carbonate saturation state, which reduces the dissolution of calcium carbonate from sand, a natural alkalinity source. I argue that this ‘additionality problem’ of OAE is potentially widespread and applies to many marine systems where OAE implementation is considered – far beyond the beach scenario investigated in this study. However, the problem can potentially be mitigated by dilute dosing of anthropogenic alkalinity into the ocean environment, especially at hotspots of natural alkalinity cycling such as in marine sediments. Understanding a potential slowdown of the natural alkalinity cycle through the introduction of an anthropogenic alkalinity cycle will be crucial for the assessment of OAE.

There is a striking difference between land- and ocean-based #CDR.

Ocean CDR ideas like adding #alkalinity or artificial upwelling imply unprecedented intervention into ocean commons, with unknown impacts on ecosystems. #Monitoring, not to mention regulating, would be practicably challenging, because ocean waters move.

Land carbon cycle is already managed by agriculture, urbanization etc. Land CDR would be a mean of already ongoing carbon rebalancing.

Continued thread

@awi @EuroGeosciences

If you haven’t read it yet, also check out this incredibly comprehensive overview on #alkalinity in #CMIP6 models, and improvements from CMIP5 to CMIP6 by Planchat et al, with Laurent Bopp, Lester Kwiatkowski and many others.

egusphere.copernicus.org/prepr

egusphere.copernicus.orgEGUsphere - The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 ESMs and implications for the ocean carbon cycle

#Frontier just announced the second round of #carbon #dioxide #removal (#CDR) purchases by #Stripe and #Shopify. One of the companies is Captura, which is supposedly doing "Direct Ocean Capture."

Removing CO₂ from seawater is not CDR (you have to wait until that seawater equilibrates with atmospheric CO₂) so I don't know how this is better than Ocean #Alkalinity Enhancement.

But I don't care. I want to see them build this thing exactly as it's rendered here.

frontierclimate.com/writing/fa