A small minority of well-born men exercised despotic power over their fellow citizens in the name of an aristocratic conception of society, twice around 400 BCE.
After the surrender, the Athenian Ekklesia (assembly) soon divided into three camps:
* supporters of a “patrios politeia” (ancestral constitution),
* preservers of democracy,
* proponents of oligarchy’.
Debate and inaction continued until September 404 BCE, when the Spartans chose to intervene. They asked the Athenians to choose thirty men to manage all the affairs of the polis.
‘The Thirty initially avoided drafting a precise constitution. Instead, they sought to: a) establish a functional interim government; b) eliminate opponents; and c) reform the laws.’
https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Thirty_Tyrants/